Which theory of urban growth describes growth as a series of rings emanating from the central business district?

The concentric-zone theory effectively illustrates urban growth as a series of distinct rings radiating out from the central business district (CBD). This model, developed by sociologist Ernest W. Burgess in the early 20th century, posits that cities expand in a circular pattern, with various zones designated for different uses and populations.

In this model, the innermost zone is typically the CBD, characterized by high land values and intense development. Surrounding this central area are successive rings that represent residential areas, with those closest to the CBD likely having a higher proportion of low-income residents, while outer rings typically accommodate middle- and upper-income households.

The theory emphasizes how socio-economic factors and residential patterns change with distance from the city center, thus offering a straightforward framework for understanding urban organization. This pattern of growth has influenced urban planning and sociological studies by highlighting the socio-spatial dynamics of cities.